Category: Documents prepared by the Business Analyst

Let us discuss about what are the Documents prepared by the Business Analyst

What is a BRD (Business Requirements Document) ?

I want to discuss about what is a BRD and how to prepare BRD?

Topics Covered in this Article:

  1. What is a BRD or Business Requirements Document?

  2. Who will prepare the BRD and who is Responsible for BRD?

  3. Objectives of a business requirement document?

  4. Business Requirements Document- Key elements

  5. How to prepare BRD?

  6. Business Requirement Document Template – Sample Template.

  7. Tips for writing a business requirements document?

What is a BRD
What is a BRD

1.What is a BRD or Business Requirements Document?

BRD is a Business Requirement Document, in some organizations it is also called as Business Requirements Specifications Document. By seeing the name we can understand in this document we will capture all the requirements and how we are going to provide solution to the client. We can say it is the communication document between Business and Technical Team.

In simple words we can say, BRD indicates what the business wants to achieve.  The BRD indicates all the project deliverable and the inputs and outputs associated with each process function. This document will have customer needs and expectations.

BRD definition: “A Business Requirement Document (BRD) focuses on the business perspective as it holds the details of the business solution for a project.”

2.Who will prepare the BRD and who is Responsible for BRD?

Business Analyst prepares this document with the help of respective stakeholders. While creating Business requirements document, we should include the project stake holders, and the Business stake holders, that means we should invite or include all the stake holders who are needed to complete this project smoothly.

In some organizations client prepares the BRD and share with IT organization to deliver their changes or requirements, once IT team receives the BRD then they will do the feasibility analysis and release FSD or FRD based on the BRD.

Who should be involved in business requirements document creation?

A number of teams and partners should create the BRD:

  1. Core team of the project (BA, Development Team, QA and all)
  2. Business partner’s or stake holders
  3. Process owner(s) or representatives
  4. Subject matter experts
  5. Change/project/product management, quality department and/or IT management as needed or available
  6. Change Management Team.

3. Objectives of a business requirement document?

  1. To get an agreement and common understanding among all the stakeholders
  1. Communicate to the technology server provider, the business needs, the customer needs, and what the solution needs to provide to satisfy business and customer needs
  2. Describe in details of the customer needs or requirements.
  3. Describe clearly what solution we are going to provide.

4.Business Requirements Document- Key elements

A Business Analyst or Project Manager prepares the Business Requirement Document as they have good understanding on the client requirements and if there is any ambiguity or clarification required from client, then they are the persons can reach the Business stake holders.

The most important and critical component of a Business Requirement Document is the scope of the project.  We (Project Managers and Business Analysts) should understand the restrictions and constraints.

  • Why project initiated
  • What is the goal or objective of the project?
  • What are the problems which the business wants to solve?
  • What are the restrictions?
  • What are the limitations?
  • Is it worth to invest the time and money required for the project?

5.How to prepare / Business Requirement Document BRD?

We should take care of few important things before creating BRD.

  • We should define the need or requirement of the company or organizations.
  • We should ensure all the stake holders involved.
  • We should identify the phases of the project.
  • We can use a suitable template to capture the requirements.

6. Business Requirement Document Template – Sample Template.

  • Document revision
  • Approvals
  • Introduction
  • Business goals and objectives
  • Stake holders
  • Business rules
  • Project background
  • Project objective
  • Project scope
  • In-scope functionality (Requirements)
  • Out-scope functionality (Requirements)
  • Business requirements
  • Data requirements
  • Functional requirements
  • Non_functional requirements
  • Assumptions
  • Constraints
  • Risks
  • Business process overview (modeling diagrams for instance, Use Case and Activity Diagram)
  • Legacy systems
  • Proposed recommendations
  • List of acronyms
  • Glossary of terms
  • Related documents
  • Dependencies of existing systems

This document may vary depends on the organizations, some organizations may have their own template and format. If no standard template or format not available in your organization then you can use the suitable template as per your client requirements.

7.Tips for writing a business requirements document

Here I am trying to give some simple tips to write Business Requirement Document.

  • Engage stakeholders:Encourage all the project stakeholders to get involved in elicitation techniques such as brainstorming, surveys, focus groups, interviews, and ideas for prototyping.
  • Include mockups:Include visuals and graphical representations, such as charts and diagrams, when necessary, as they can be powerful in making your point. We can use so many open source tools to draw diagrams and to create process flow diagrams and charts.
  • Do feasibility research:Research some of the past projects to determine the feasibility of your BRD. Evaluate your project to understand whether the solution desired can be developed within the constraints of time & cost.
  • Use Simple Language:Don’t use complex words rather use simple easy to understand language that encourages action.
  • Validate the Document and contents:After writing the business requirements document, have it reviewed thoroughly before distribution. Obtain validation of the information and the contents–including the assumptions–and ensure that all errors are corrected.

8. What are the differcnes between BRD and FRD?

What is Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM)?

What is Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM)?

What is Requirements Traceability Matrix
What is Requirements Traceability Matrix

Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM) is a document, we can prepare in simple excel format also, it maps and traces client requirement with test cases. It captures all requirements given by the client/ Captured in BRD or FRD/FSD. The main goal of Requirement Traceability Matrix is to verify that all requirements are checked via test cases so that no functionality is unchecked during Software testing.

Why Requirement traceability matrix or RTM is required?

A Requirement traceability matrix is used to record and track the relationship of the project requirements to the design, documentation, development, testing and release of the project/product. This is done by maintaining an excel sheet which lists the complete user and system requirements for the system (in form of use cases) which are in turn mapped to the respective documents like Functional Requirement, Design Document, Software Module, Test Case Number, etc.

An RTM is maintained throughout the lifecycle of the various releases in a project and it’s a vital document to track project scope, requirements and changes in any project.

The Requirement Traceability Matrix or RTM Contains below:

  • Requirement ID
  • Requirement Description
  • Functional Requirement
  • Status
  • Architectural/Design Document
  • Technical Specification
  • Software Module
  • Test Case Number
  • Tested In

Why Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM) is needed?

  • Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM)is used to trace the requirements.
  • To test all the test cases.
  • To ensure all the requirements are covered and tested/verified.
  • By using Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM), we can able to identify if any requirement is not covered.
  • It helps to cover the all the requirements and all are validated and tested as per the requirement.

What is the Advantage of Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM):

  1. We can ensure all the test cases covered.
  2. It allows to identify the missing functionality easily
  3. It is easy to track the overall test execution status
  4. It allows updating the test cases if any change in requirements or any change request comes.
  5. We can ensure all the requirements covered and tested.
  6. It helps to improve the quality of the product.
  7. As we covered most of the test scenarios it helps to improve the client satisfaction.
  8. As we tested most of the test scenarios it helps to avoid the escalation from the client.

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Why Requirements Traceability Matrix  or RTM is Important?

The main responsibility of Testers or QA team to understand the Business Requirements/ Client requirements. And they need to test the application end to end. And team responsible to deliver the product without bugs or Defects. To achieve this goal, every QA or Tester should understand the requirement clearly and create positive and negative test cases.

Requirements provided by the client should be split into different scenarios. And Team needs to prepare or write the test cases as per the requirements, Team ensures to cover all the requirements and scenarios when writing test cases. Once team writes the test cases then team starts the testing for each Test Case. Each of this Test case must be executed individually.

How testing team or QA team will ensure to test all scenarios.

Here we may think that how testing team/ QA team to make sure that the requirement is tested considering all possible scenarios/cases? How to ensure that any requirement is not left out of the testing cycle?

A simple way is to trace the requirement with its corresponding test scenarios and test cases which team already written the test cases.

The traceability matrix is simply a worksheet that contains the requirements with its all possible test scenarios and cases and their current state, i.e. if they have been passed or failed. This would help the testing team to understand the level of testing activities done for the specific product.

I hope this article helped you to provide overview on what is Requirements Traceability Matrix  or RTM.

To know more about what is Requirements Traceability Matrix you can browse on Google to get more knowledge.

In a Business Analyst view this article is enough to understand what is Requirements Traceability Matrix or RTM.

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FAQ’s

What is requirement traceability matrix with example?

Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM) is a document that maps and traces user requirement with test cases. It captures all requirements proposed by the client and requirement traceability in a single document, delivered at the conclusion of the Software devlopement life cycle

What is the purpose of the requirements traceability matrix?

A requirements traceability matrix is a document that demonstrates the relationship between requirements and other artifacts. It’s used to prove that requirements have been fulfilled. And it typically documents requirements, tests, test results, and issues.

What are the 3 types of requirements traceability?

There are three types of RTM: forward traceability, backward traceability, and bidirectional traceability

What are the four types of requirements traceability?

The Four Types of Derived Requirements Traceability
Forward to Requirements. When customer needs evolve, requirements may have to be adjusted in response. …
Backward From Requirements. …
Forward From Requirements. …
Backward to Requirements. …

Who prepares RTM?

#1) Business Requirements

It is usually prepared by ‘Business Analysts’ or the project ‘Architect’ (depending upon organization or project structure)

What is RTM tool?

In a software development project, Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) is a document which is used to validate that all the requirements are linked to test cases. … A Requirements Traceability Matrix is usually in tabular format as it holds multiple relationships between requirements and test cases

How do you create a requirement traceability matrix?

How to Create a Traceability Matrix in Excel
Define Your Goal. …
Gather Your Artifacts. …
Create a Traceability Matrix Template in Excel. …
Copy and Paste Requirements From Your Requirements Document. …
Copy and Paste Test Cases From Your Test Case Document. …
Copy and Paste Test Results and Issues (If You Have Them)

Is RTM required in agile?

In agile there are no requirements but stories, so traceability matrix does not exist in traditional sense. Well, stories describe requirements but when you complete story, you close it and then you close an iteration and forget about that story. It is done, accepted, and closed.

Which phase is RTM prepared?

To answer your first point, RTM is something that is prepared as and when the requirements are ready. If you plan to adopt a practice of creating RTM in your project, you can mention this point in your Test Plan irrespective of the fact that it is created or not. Test Plan and RTM are not related.

What are the Documents prepared by Business Analyst?

Let us see here documents prepared by Business Analyst during the project. Business Analyst will prepare so many documents as per Company standards; here we will see what the documents are mostly created by the Business Analyst during the project life cycle.

These documents prepared by business analyst to fulfill the various project needs and cater to audiences belonging to different spheres of a project.

Documents prepared by Business Analyst

As we know Business Analyst primary and most important role is to gather the requirements, analyze the requirements and document the same with proper approvals, Business Analyst should ensure not to miss any requirement. For example, if any requirement is out of scope of the project and it is not feasible then Business Analyst needs to inform the same to stake holders prior to prepare the documents and get approvals from internal and external stake holders. If any requirement is out of scope or not feasible in this project then he needs to explain the scenarios and consequences and what problems we will face because of this requirement to internal and external stake holders. Business Analyst can update the same in meetings with stake holders and it should be documented in the form of FSD or FRD.

Documents Prepared by Business Analyst

Documents Prepared by Business Analyst

The type and specifications a business analyst is expected to create in an organization depends upon many parameters like organization’s processes and policies, need and expectations of the business, and the stakeholder requirements. Detailed below are the common documents a business analyst is expected to created and they are extensively used throughout the project life cycle. Each of these documents has a specific template and it’s a part of the overall project documentation.

Let us observe what are the documents prepared by Business Analyst below

  • Project vision Document
  • Business Requirement Document
  • Functional requirement specification (FRS)/ Functional Specification Document (FSD)
  • User stories
  • Use cases
  • Requirement traceability matrix (RTM)
  • System requirement specification (SRS)/ System Requirement Document (SRD)
  • Test case

Project vision document: Project vision document will be prepared by client and project Manager, business analyst also expected to contribute to this document based on organization and project manager wish.

We will mention purpose of the product/software to be developed. We will describe what business objective will be achieved because of this product in high level.

The Project vision document contains: It may vary from organization to organization depends on organization and stake holders.

  • Introduction
  • Description of users in the system
  • Project stakeholders
  • Product Overview
  • Product Features
  • Product requirements
  • Constraints/Limitations
  • Quality/documentation requirements

Business Requirement Document (BRD)/ Business Requirement Specification Document. (BRS)

A Business Requirement Document is created to describe the business requirements of a product/process and the intended end result that is expected from the product/process. It is one of the most widely accepted project requirement document and is referred to throughout the development life-cycle for any project. A BRD mainly focuses on answering ‘what is the business solution’ as opposed to ‘how to achieve the business solution’ and thus it’s mainly centered around the business requirements. A BRD is created with the help of the project team (BA, client, subject matter experts, business partners) and is also used as a communication tool for other stakeholders/external service providers.

The Business Requirement Document contains:

  • Document revision
  • Approvals
  • Introduction
  • Business goals and objectives
  • Stake holders
  • Business rules
  • Project background
  • Project objective
  • Project scope
  • In-scope functionality (Requirements)
  • Out-scope functionality (Requirements)
  • Business requirements
  • Data requirements
  • Functional requirements
  • Non_functional requirements
  • Assumptions
  • Constraints
  • Risks
  • Business process overview (modelling diagrams for instance, Use Case and Activity Diagram)
  • Legacy systems
  • Proposed recommendations
  • List of acronyms
  • Glossary of terms
  • Related documents
  • Dependencies of existing systems

Functional requirement specification (FRS)/ Functional Specification Document (FSD) Functional Requirement Document (FRD)

A Functional requirement specification or Functional Specification Document describes the intended behavior of a system including data, operations, input, output and the properties of the system.

In a BRD the requirements are high level but in an FRS/FSD, they are written in much more details to capture each and every aspect of a requirement. Thus a functional specification document becomes a more technical, accurate and descriptive requirement document. Owing to their technical nature, FRS/FSD are equally used by developers, testers and the business stakeholders of a project.

Functional requirement specification (FRS)/ Functional Specification Document (FSD) Functional Requirement Document (FRD) contains

  • Introduction – It should contain Purpose, Scope, Background, References, Assumptions and constraints, Dependencies and document overview
  • Methodology
  • Functional Requirements
  • Modeling Illustrations – Context, User Requirements, Data Flow Diagrams, Logical Data Model/Data Dictionary, Functional Requirements
  • Other Requirements – Interface / Integration Requirements, Hardware/Software Requirements,
  • Performance
  • Glossary
  • Requirements Confirmation
  • Client Signoff  (Client provide sign off on mail if client satisfies with the approach)

User stories:

In an agile development environment, a user story is a document describing the functionality a business system should provide and are written from the perspective of an end user/customer/client. The user stories are not very descriptive and only captures ‘who’, ‘what’ and ‘why’ of a requirement in limited detail. If any requirement is too big for a single user story it’s broken down into a number of user stories making it easier for estimation and discussion. In such cases, the main user story will act as an Epic (parent) user story.

Some examples of user stories are:

  • The system shall be able to sort the values in ascending and descending order
  • The application must allow the user to enter his name, date of birth and address.
  • The system shall verify the login credentials of the user and redirect him to the dashboard in case of successful login.

Use cases

Each and every project is an endeavor to achieve ‘requirements’ and the document which defines these requirements is a use case. A use case is a methodology used in system analysis to identify, define and organize system requirements.

A use case is created from the perspective of a user and achieves the following objectives:

  1. Organizes the functional requirements,
  2. Iterative in nature and updated throughout the project life-cycle
  3. Records scenarios in which a user will interact with the system
  4. Defines other aspects like negative flows, UI elements, exceptions, etc..

The Use Case document contains:

  • Actors
  • Description
  • Trigger
  • Preconditions
  • Normal Flow
  • Alternative Flows
  • Exceptions
  • Special Requirements
  • Assumptions
  • Notes and Issues

Requirement traceability matrix (RTM)

A Requirement traceability matrix is used to record and track the relationship of the project requirements to the design, documentation, development, testing and release of the project/product. This is done by maintaining an excel sheet which lists the complete user and system requirements for the system (in form of use cases) which are in turn mapped to the respective documents like Functional Requirement, Design Document, Software Module, Test Case Number, etc.

An RTM is maintained throughout the lifecycle of the various releases in a project and it’s a vital document to track project scope, requirements and changes in any project.

The RTM Contains:

  • Requirement ID
  • Requirement Description
  • Functional Requirement
  • Status
  • Architectural/Design Document
  • Technical Specification
  • Software Module
  • Test Case Number
  • Tested In

System requirement specification (SRS)/ System Requirement Document (SRD)

A detailed document containing information about ‘how’ the complete system has to function and enumerates hardware, software, functional and behavioral requirements of the system. This document elaborates the requirements from the perspective of observational behavior only and doesn’t consider technical or design bias.

The System requirement specification (SRS)/ System Requirement Document (SRD) contains:

  • Product Perspective
  • Product Functions
  • User Characteristics
  • General Constraints
  • Assumptions and Dependencies
  • External Interface Requirements
  • Functional Requirements
  • Classes / Objects
  • Non-Functional Requirements
  • Inverse Requirements
  • Design Constraints
  • Sequence Diagrams
  • Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)
  • State-Transition Diagrams (STD)
  • Change Management Process

Test case

Although Business analysts are not explicitly asked to create test cases but they must understand what they constitute and how to create one, as they sometimes have to test functionalities by referring to the test cases.

A test case is a document, which has a set of test data, preconditions, variables and expected results created to verify and validate whether a particular piece of functionality is behaving as intended (or as documented in the requirement documentation). Thus, a test case becomes a standardized document which should be referred every time a requirement has to undergo testing.

Business Analyst will not prepare test cases but he sits with the QA team and ensure to all the requirements covered.

The components of a test case are:

  • Test Case ID
  • Test Scenario
  • Prerequisite
  • Test Data
  • Test Steps
  • Expected Results
  • Actual Result
  • Status
  • Remarks
  • Test Environment

All the above documents prepared by business analyst and are part of the project/product documentation. These documents are constantly referred through the project’s life-cycle for communication, reference and revision.

Templates may differ to organization to organization and project. Hope this article helped you to provide overview on what are the documents prepared by business analyst .

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BRD Vs FRD, Difference between BRD and FRD Documents

BRD Document Vs FRD Document

Let us discuss BRD Vs FRD  herre and how to to  prepare the BRD and FRD.

BRD Vs FRD
BRD Vs FRD

Documentation is the most important aspect for any Business Analyst.

The documentation is useful to understand the requirements and the detailed discussion about new features and change request if any. Business Analyst will prepare many different types of documents. Some of the important ones are listed below –

  • Business Requirement Document (BRD)
  • User Stories
  • Use Case Specification Document (USD)
  • Functional Requirement Document (FRD)
  • Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM)
  • Product Requirements Document (PRD)

Documentation helps in understanding the business process and business events throughout the project. A Diagrammatically the documents can be pictured as a simple sheets of papers which contains some useful matter.

Let’s take a look at the similarities and differences between BRD and FRD.

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Business Requirement Document

  • BRD highlights “Business Requirements” – i.e., high-level business goals of the organization developing the product or solution with the help of IT.
  • A formal document illustrating the requirement provided by the client
  • In other words it describes at very high level the functional specifications of the software
  • The requirements could be collected either by verbal or written or both
  • Created by a Business Analyst who interacts with the client
  • Entire work is executed under the supervision of the Project Manager
  • It is derived from the client interaction and requirements

The BRD is important since it is the foundation for all subsequent project deliverable, describing what inputs and outputs are associated with each process function. It describes what the system would look like from a business perspective. Following are the most common objectives of BRD –

  • To arrive at a consensus with stakeholders
  • To provide input into the next phase of the project
  • To explain how customer/business needs will be met with the solution
  • Holistic approach to business needs with the help of strategy that will provide some value to the customer

Basically, stakeholder’s requirements can be small or big. Thus it needs to be break wherever it requires and should be taken as multiple requirements.

Format Of BRD –

There are many formats or templates that the organization follows. However, it depends upon the practices that is carried in the organization. For a product based company the BRD format is different as compared to service based firms. Standard format which is followed in most organizations are shown below. It is important to note that for clear understanding of the document we should include list of acronyms used.

The BRD template contains –

  • document revision
  • approvals
  • introduction
  • business goals
  • business objectives
  • business rules
  • background
  • project objective
  • project scope
  • in-scope functionality
  • out-scope functionality
  • assumptions
  • constraints
  • risks
  • business process overview (modelling diagrams for instance, Use Case and Activity Diagram)
  • legacy systems
  • proposed recommendations
  • business requirements
  • list of acronyms
  • glossary of terms
  • related documents

Now let us look into FRD…

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Functional Requirement Document

  • FRD highlights “Functional Requirements” i.e., functionality of the software in detail
  • Depending on the product.
  • It will describes at a high level the functional and technical specification of the software
  • Usually created by Business Analyst under the supervision of technical expert, for instance System Architect
  • In a small and medium sized organizations a BA take care of this
  • Few companies did not create FRD, instead they used BRD as it is detailed enough to be used as FRD as well
  • FRD is derived from the BRD
  • Will get sign off from the client once we prepare FRD

Actually, the process to reach the expectancy of the BRD is an FRD itself. Business Analyst will prepare the FRD after discussing with the stake holders and Project Manager. He is the person analyze the requirements, to get clarity on requirements he will conduct multiple meeting session with internal and external stake holders. And he will concentrate on below questions mostly.

  • How we develop the expected requirement(s)?
  • What are the tools and/or systems used and their dependencies?
  • What are the features and functionalities?
  • How will the customer reacts when they start using the solution?
  • Any assumptions or constraints?

Most common objectives of FRD –

  • Draw flow charts for each process flows for each activity interlinking dependencies
  • Holistic view for each and every requirements, steps to built
  • Estimating detailed risks for each new change request
  • Highlight the consequences if the project health is weak to avoid scope creep

The FRD should document the operations and activities that a system must be able to perform.

Format Of FRD –

Likewise BRD, FRD has a somewhat different format focusing more on risks and interfaces. Although there is no such standard format that a Business Analyst should opt for. Companies belonging to different domains use their own template. For instance, you would find many points would be repeating as in BRD.

But there should be no confusion for BA to prepare this document.

The FRD template contains –

  • Introduction – It should contain Purpose, Scope, Background, References, Assumptions and constraints, document overview
  • Methodology
  • Functional Requirements
  • Modeling Illustrations – Context, User Requirements, Data Flow Diagrams, Logical Data Model/Data Dictionary, Functional Requirements
  • Other Requirements – Interface Requirements, Hardware/Software Requirements,
  • Glossary

Now the use of BRD or FRD in organizations depends on the organization policies, practices followed by the project team and stakeholders. In my company client will share the BRD, based on the BRD we prepare FSD.

I hope now you understand the BRD vs FRD

BRD Vs FRD – Business Analyst Articles, Webinars

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What is the difference between a BRD and FRD?

The Business Requirement Document (BRD) describes the high-level business needs whereas the Functional Requirement Document (FRD) outlines the functions required to fulfill the business need. BRD answers the question what the business wants to do whereas the FRD gives an answer to how should it be done

What is an FRD?

The functional requirements document (FRD) is a formal statement of an application’s functional requirements. It serves the same purpose as a contract. The developers agree to provide the capabilities specified. The client agrees to find the product satisfactory if it provides the capabilities specified in the FRD

What is difference between BRD and SRS?

It is obvious that BRS is the specification of the business processes and operations. Use Cases: SRS describes the interaction between the created product and the end users. It is the reason why this specification type includes use cases. … Specification sphere: SRS describes the peculiarities of the developed system

What is included in a requirements document?

Requirements documents should include these kinds of requirements: Business Requirements: Business requirements generally come from the customer of the project. They represent the product features, or what the end outputs of the project need to provide

What are two types of functional requirements?

Requirements generally fall into two types: functional and non-functional. The difference between them is fairly straightforward, nevertheless, in the this article we’ll define the two types of requirements and provide examples of each to point out more concretely the fundamental difference between them

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