Category: Business Analysis Techniques

Let us discuss and observe what are the Business Analysis Techniques used by the Business Analyst to understand the requirements.

What is Unit Testing in Software Engineering

What is Unit Testing in Software Engineering

Unit Testing in Software Engineering : Unit testing is a software testing technique that focuses on evaluating individual units or components of a software application in isolation. In software engineering, a “unit” typically refers to the smallest testable part of an application, such as a function, method, or class. Unit testing aims to verify that these individual units of code work correctly and produce the expected results when given specific inputs.

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What is Regression Testing in Software Testing

What is Regression Testing in Software Testing

Regression testing is a type of software testing that aims to verify that recent changes or new code in a software application have not adversely affected the existing functionality. It ensures that the new code additions or modifications do not introduce new defects or issues in the software. The primary goal of regression testing is to catch and prevent software regressions, which are unintended side effects or bugs introduced as a result of code changes.

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What is Black Box Testing in Software Engineering

Black box testing, in software engineering, is a method of software testing where the functionality of an application is examined without the knowledge of its internal structures or workings. The goal is to test the system’s behavior against expected results, focusing on inputs and outputs without considering how the software produces the outputs.

 

The term “black box” denotes that the internal workings of the item being tested (in this case, the software application) are not known or considered by the tester.

black box testing in software engineering
Black Box testing in software engineering

Here are some key points about black box testing:

  1. Focus on Functional Requirements: The primary goal is to validate that the software functions as per the defined specifications and requirements.

  2. No Internal Knowledge Needed: Testers don’t need to know the internal paths, structures, or workings of the application.

  3. Input/Output: Testers provide inputs and observe the outputs, ensuring they match expected results.

  4. Various Testing Types:

  5. Black box testing can encompass various types of testing such as:

    • Functional Testing
    • Non-functional Testing (e.g., performance, usability, etc.)
    • Regression Testing
    • Acceptance Testing
    • Boundary Value Testing
    • Equivalence Partitioning, among others.

  6. Advantages:

    • Can be applied as soon as the functional specifications are complete.
    • Suitable for large code segments and complex applications.
    • Unbiased as the designer and the tester are independent of each other.
    • Helps in identifying missed functionalities.

  7. Limitations:

    • Might miss out on testing potential paths within the software as it’s only focused on inputs and outputs.
    • Does not ensure that all paths of a program are tested.
    • Might not identify hidden errors or functionalities.
    • Requires extensive documentation to determine expected outputs.

In contrast to black box testing, there’s also “white box testing” where the internal structure and workings of the software are known and considered by the tester.

We hope his article helped you to understand about what is black box testing in software engineering, advantages and limitations.

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What is QA automation ?

What is QA automation :

QA automation

QA automation refers to the process of automating the tasks and functions associated with quality assurance (QA) in software testing. Instead of manually checking every single feature in an application to ensure it works as expected, you can use automated tools and scripts to test the software. This not only speeds up the testing process but can also increase accuracy since human error is eliminated.

Here’s a deeper dive into QA automation:

  1. Benefits:
    • Efficiency: Automated tests can be run quickly and frequently, which is especially valuable for repetitive and time-consuming tasks.
    • Consistency: The same test can be performed in exactly the same manner reducing the human error factor.
    • Reusability: Automated test scripts can be used across different stages of the software development process.
    • Coverage: Automation can increase the depth and scope of tests, enhancing the software’s quality.
    • Quick Feedback: Developers can get quick feedback on their code changes, making it easier to detect and fix bugs early in the development cycle.
  2. Common Tools: There are numerous tools available for QA automation. Some of the popular ones are:
    • Selenium: For web application testing
    • JUnit: For Java applications
    • TestNG: A testing framework inspired by JUnit, designed for test configuration and parallel execution
    • Appium: For mobile application testing
    • Cucumber: For behavior-driven development (BDD)
    • Jenkins: For continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD)

  3. Types of Automated Tests:

    • Unit Tests: Test individual components of the software in isolation.
    • Integration Tests: Test the interaction between integrated components.
    • Functional Tests: Test complete functionality of some application areas.
    • Regression Tests: Ensure that new changes haven’t negatively affected existing functionality.
    • Performance Tests: Check system performance under load.

  4. Considerations:

    • Maintenance: Automated tests need to be updated as the application evolves.
    • Initial Investment: Setting up an automation framework and writing tests can be time-consuming and costly initially, but it pays off in the long run.
    • Not Everything Can Be Automated: Some tests, especially those that require subjective evaluations or complex user interactions, might be better suited for manual testing.

In conclusion, QA automation is a powerful ally in software development. It enhances the software’s quality, speeds up the development cycle, and often results in cost savings in the long run. However, it’s essential to strike a balance between automated and manual testing based on the project’s needs.

What are the types of Software Testing

What is System Testing ?

What is automated QA testing?

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What are the types of Software Testing

Software testing is a vast field with numerous techniques and methodologies to ensure that software meets its specifications and works correctly. Here’s a list of common types of software testing:

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What is System Testing ?

What is System Testing

SystemTesting is a level of software testing where a complete and integrated software system is tested. The main purpose of SystemTesting is to validate the software system’s compliance with the specified requirements and to ensure that it functions correctly as a whole.

 

What is System Testing

Here are some key points about system testing:

  1. Scope: It tests the system as a whole, considering all integrated components and their interactions.

  2. Environment: Ideally, SystemTesting should be done in an environment that closely mimics the production environment where the software will eventually be deployed.

  3. Requirements: The testing is based on the software requirements and system design. Testers use these to derive test cases that will exercise the system’s functionality in various scenarios.

  4. End-to-End Testing: It involves testing the flow of an application right from start to finish, ensuring that the entire process of inputs, processing, and outputs work smoothly.

  5. Types: There are various types of SystemTesting, including:

    • Functional Testing: To check if the software system performs its functions correctly.
    • Performance Testing: To validate the system’s responsiveness, stability, speed, etc.
    • Usability Testing: To ensure the software is user-friendly.
    • Security Testing: To identify any vulnerabilities or weaknesses in the system.
    • Compatibility Testing: To check the system’s compatibility with other systems, platforms, or environments.
    • Load Testing: To check the system’s behavior under peak loads.
    • Stress Testing: To check the system’s behavior under extreme conditions.
    • Regression Testing: To ensure that new code changes haven’t adversely impacted existing functionalities.

  6. Performed After Integration Testing: SystemTesting is usually done after integration testing. Once individual components are integrated and tested for their mutual interactions in integration testing, the entire system is tested in SystemTesting.

  7. Bugs and Fixes: If defects are found during system testing, they are reported to the development team for corrections. Once the bugs are fixed, the system may need to undergo regression testing to ensure that fixes didn’t introduce new issues.

  8. Significance: SystemTesting is crucial because it evaluates the end-to-end functioning of the software and ensures that the software meets the specified requirements before it’s delivered to the user or moves to the acceptance testing phase.

  9. Tools: There are several tools available in the market that aid in SystemTesting. Some of these include Selenium, JIRA, LoadRunner, JMeter, and many more.

In the software development lifecycle, after SystemTesting, the software typically moves on to acceptance testing, where the end-users (or their representatives) evaluate the software to see if it meets their needs and requirements.

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What is Automation Testing ?

What is Automation Testing

Automation testing, also known as automated software testing, refers to the process of executing a software program or system to check if it meets specified requirements and to detect errors or defects, all without human intervention. This type of testing uses automated test scripts, tools, and frameworks to control the execution of tests and then compares the actual outcomes with expected outcomes.

 

Automation Testing

Key points about automation testing:

  1. Efficiency: Automated tests can be run multiple times without any additional cost, and they can be executed faster than manual tests, making them ideal for repetitive and regression tests.

  2. Reusability: Test scripts can be reused across different phases of development and even for different projects.

  3. Consistency: Automated tests eliminate the risk of human errors in repetitive tasks, providing consistent test execution each time.

  4. Coverage: Automation can ensure that all aspects of an application are tested, improving the scope and depth of testing.

  5. Quick Feedback: Automation testing can provide quick feedback to the development team, facilitating faster development cycles.

  6. Cost-effective in the Long Run: Even though setting up automation can be expensive initially, it can save costs in the long run by reducing the time and effort required for large-scale and regression testing.

  7. Limitations: Automated testing is not a replacement for manual testing. Some tests, especially those related to usability, user experience, and exploratory scenarios, are better conducted manually.

Popular AutomationTesting tools include:

  • Selenium: For web application testing.
  • JUnit: A framework for Java application testing.
  • TestNG: Inspired by JUnit, used for test configuration and parallel execution.
  • Appium: For mobile application testing.
  • QTP/UFT: A commercial tool from Micro Focus for functional and regression testing.
  • Jenkins: A Continuous Integration (CI) tool that can trigger automated tests.

To succeed in AutomationTesting:

  • Tests should be maintainable and easy to understand.
  • Automation should be employed where it adds the most value, e.g., repetitive tests or those that need to be run on multiple configurations.
  • Regular maintenance is needed to ensure scripts remain relevant and functional as software changes.

In summary, automation testing is a powerful approach that can complement manual testing to ensure software quality, especially in agile and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) environments.

What is Manual Testing

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What is Manual Testing

What is Manual Testing

Manual testing is a type of software testing where testers execute test cases manually without the use of any automation tools. This process ensures that the software system is functioning correctly and meets the specified requirements. ManualTesting is the most primitive technique of all testing types and helps find bugs in the software system.

 

What is Manual Testing

Key points about manual testing:

  1. Human Element: It requires a tester to play the role of an end user, and use most of all features of the application to ensure correct behavior.

  2. Test Cases: Testers usually have a set of test cases that they need to follow. These test cases describe the setup, actions, and expected outcomes. Test cases can be designed for various testing levels and types, such as functional, integration, system, and acceptance testing.

  3. Exploratory Testing: Unlike systematic testing using predefined test cases, exploratory testing is a more informal approach where testers actively explore the application’s functionalities and try to discover defects.

  4. Documentation: Detailed documentation is often maintained during manual testing to record the results, deviations, defects, and feedback.

  5. Advantages:

    • Can discover usability issues, since real humans are interacting with the software.
    • Can be more flexible and adaptive to changes.
    • Does not require initial investment in automation tools.

  6. Disadvantages:

    • Can be time-consuming and less consistent.
    • May not be feasible for large-scale repetitive testing scenarios.
    • Can be prone to human errors.

  7. Comparison with Automated Testing: While manual testing involves human intervention, automated testing uses scripts and tools to run tests. Automated testing is suitable for repetitive tasks, regression testing, and scenarios that require executing the same set of tasks repeatedly. On the other hand, manual testing is often better suited for exploratory, usability, and ad-hoc testing scenarios.

In many software development environments, both manual and automated testing are used in conjunction to achieve a broad and effective testing strategy.

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What is the difference between Kanban vs Scrum

Kanban vs Scrum

Kanban vs Scrum : Both Kanban and Scrum are popular frameworks for managing and improving work processes, and they both fall under the broader category of Agile methodologies. However, they have different focuses and practices. Here’s a comparison of the two:

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What is Black Box Testing

What is Black Box Testing

Black box testing, also known as behavioral testing, is a software testing method in which the internal structure/design/implementation of the item being tested is not known to the tester. The focus is on checking the system solely from the outside, looking at inputs and outputs without considering how the software produces the output from the given input.

Black Box Testing

Key characteristics of black box testing include:

  1. No knowledge of internal workings: Testers do not need to know the internal pathways, coding, or specifics of the software.

  2. Based on Requirements: Tests are based on the system’s requirements and specifications, ensuring that the software behaves as expected.

  3. User Perspective: Black box testing emulates the behavior of end-users and how they would use the software.

  4. Variety of Testing Methods: It can encompass a variety of tests including functional tests, non-functional tests, system testing, acceptance testing, etc.

  5. Detects Discrepancies in Functional Specifications: Through BlackBox testing, one can identify missing functionalities, errors in data structures, database access errors, and more.

Examples of black box testing techniques include:

  • Boundary Value Analysis (BVA): Focuses on the boundary values of the input domain.
  • Equivalence Partitioning (EP): Divides the input domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases can be derived.
  • Decision Table Testing: Represents combinations of inputs as a table to derive test cases.
  • State Transition Testing: Based on possible states of the system and transitions between these states.
  • Use Case Testing: Test cases are derived from use cases.

Remember, the essence of BlackBox testing is that the tester doesn’t see the internal workings of the item under test. Instead, they focus on determining whether the software behaves correctly for a given set of inputs by examining the outputs.

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FAQ’s

What is the black box testing?

BlackBox testing, a form of testing that is performed with no knowledge of a system’s internals, can be carried out to evaluate the functionality, security, performance, and other aspects of an application. Dynamic code analysis is an example of automated black box security testing.

What is black box and whitebox testing?

BlackBox testing is a software testing methodology in which the tester analyzes the functionality of an application without a thorough knowledge of its internal design. Conversely, in white box testing, the tester is knowledgeable of the internal design of the application and analyzes it during testing

What are the 4 types of black box testing?

BlackBox testing techniques apply to all levels of testing, as well as functional and non-functional testing types. There are four main black box testing techniques: equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision table testing, and state transition testing.

What is meant by white box testing?

White box testing is a form of application testing that provides the tester with complete knowledge of the application being tested, including access to source code and design documents. This in-depth visibility makes it possible for white box testing to identify issues that are invisible to gray and black box testing.

Why is it called black box testing?

BlackBox testing is so-called because it treats the system under test as a black-box. The name comes from engineering, where a black-box is a system that takes a set of defined inputs and transforms them into defined outputs. You have no idea what is going on inside the system.

What are the 5 testing methods?

  • BlackBox testing.
  • White box testing.
  • Agile testing.
  • Grey box testing.
  • Ad-hoc testing.

What is SDLC & STLC?

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a sequence of different activities performed during the software development process. Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) is a sequence of different activities performed during the software testing process

What is the difference between whitebox and blackbox?

Scope: BlackBox testing is generally used for testing the software at the functional level.White box testing is used for testing the software at the unit level, integration level and system level.

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